<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-02017087</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-02T22:27:40+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">The process of ghost-rock karstification and its role in the formation of cave systems</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Clotilde</forename>
                <surname>Dubois</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">476936-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-490594"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Y.</forename>
                <surname>Quinif</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">178400-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-105662"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.-M.</forename>
                <surname>Baele</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">389713-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">L.</forename>
                <surname>Barriquand</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1522014-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                <surname>Bini</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1522015-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Laurent</forename>
                <surname>Bruxelles</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">6153030fd4f96285b398a5d6cc831031</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">laurent-bruxelles</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171314</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">6599-171314</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-2111</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/06956163X</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Grégory</forename>
                <surname>Dandurand</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">9229f836e24ccc44b1656a063cfa2e55</email>
              <email type="domain">inrap.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">dandurand-gregory</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1042729</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1522594-1042729</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/163035164</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3230-7801</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-301475"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-666"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">C.</forename>
                <surname>Havron</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1522016-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">O.</forename>
                <surname>Kaufmann</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">62063-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Benjamin</forename>
                <surname>Lans</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">5571bb3731a6dc42892ebf2405979215</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">benjamin-lans</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">174320</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">5854-174320</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/186411472</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-9209</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-666"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Richard</forename>
                <surname>Maire</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">dff100f73735f83b5876cc03b303d173</email>
              <email type="domain">ades.cnrs.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">856676</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">251724-856676</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-666"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                <surname>Martin</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">60953-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-155165"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                <surname>Rodet</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">d4a55d693b3dc963b6ee6e0037c1fb5d</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-rouen.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">845988</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">253981-845988</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-847"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">M.D.</forename>
                <surname>Rowberry</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1522017-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">P.</forename>
                <surname>Tognini</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1522018-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                <surname>Vergari</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1522019-0</idno>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Laurent</forename>
                <surname>Bruxelles</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">6153030fd4f96285b398a5d6cc831031</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2021-01-03 12:33:04</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-10-23 08:06:02</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2021-01-07 12:10:23</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2014-04</date>
              <ref type="file" subtype="publisherAgreement" n="0" target="https://univ-tlse2.hal.science/hal-02017087v1/file/2014%20-%20Duboisetal%202014-Theprocessofghost-rockkarstificationanditsroleintheformationofcavesystems.pdf" id="file-2376451-2706250">
                <date notBefore="2019-11-22"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/234503/2/Dubois%202014%20Ghost-rock%20karstification%20and%20formation%20of%20cave%20systems.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="476889">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Laurent</forename>
                  <surname>Bruxelles</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">6153030fd4f96285b398a5d6cc831031</email>
                <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-02017087</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://univ-tlse2.hal.science/hal-02017087</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">dubois:hal-02017087</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Earth-Science Reviews&lt;/i&gt;, 2014, 131, pp.116-148. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.006"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.006&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 131, pp.116-148. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.006&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-2376451-2706250"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="METEO">Météo France</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRAP">Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE2">Université Toulouse 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="REGARDS">Centre de Documentation REGARDS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OMP">Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ADES">ADES - Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="COMUE-NORMANDIE">Normandie Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UMR5319">Passages</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="M2C">Production scientifique de l'UMR 6143 - M2C</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIROUEN">Université de Rouen Normandie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNICAEN">Université de Caen Normandie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-BORDEAUX-MONTAIGNE">Université Bordeaux Montaigne</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRM">Centre national de recherches météorologiques</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">The process of ghost-rock karstification and its role in the formation of cave systems</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Clotilde</forename>
                    <surname>Dubois</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">476936-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-490594"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Y.</forename>
                    <surname>Quinif</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">178400-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-105662"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.-M.</forename>
                    <surname>Baele</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">389713-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">L.</forename>
                    <surname>Barriquand</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1522014-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                    <surname>Bini</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1522015-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Laurent</forename>
                    <surname>Bruxelles</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">6153030fd4f96285b398a5d6cc831031</email>
                  <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">laurent-bruxelles</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171314</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">6599-171314</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-2111</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/06956163X</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Grégory</forename>
                    <surname>Dandurand</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">9229f836e24ccc44b1656a063cfa2e55</email>
                  <email type="domain">inrap.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">dandurand-gregory</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1042729</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1522594-1042729</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/163035164</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3230-7801</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-301475"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-666"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">C.</forename>
                    <surname>Havron</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1522016-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">O.</forename>
                    <surname>Kaufmann</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">62063-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Benjamin</forename>
                    <surname>Lans</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">5571bb3731a6dc42892ebf2405979215</email>
                  <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">benjamin-lans</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">174320</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">5854-174320</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/186411472</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-9209</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-666"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Richard</forename>
                    <surname>Maire</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">dff100f73735f83b5876cc03b303d173</email>
                  <email type="domain">ades.cnrs.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">856676</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">251724-856676</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-666"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                    <surname>Martin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">60953-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-155165"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                    <surname>Rodet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">d4a55d693b3dc963b6ee6e0037c1fb5d</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-rouen.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">845988</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">253981-845988</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-847"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">M.D.</forename>
                    <surname>Rowberry</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1522017-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">P.</forename>
                    <surname>Tognini</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1522018-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                    <surname>Vergari</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1522019-0</idno>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">4459</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0012-8252</idno>
                <title level="j">Earth-Science Reviews</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">131</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">116-148</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2014-04</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.006</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.gm">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>This paper presents an extensive review of the process of ghost-rock karstification and highlights its role in the formation of cave systems. The process integrates chemical weathering and mechanical erosion and extends a number of existing theories pertaining to continental landscape development. It is a two stage process that differs in many respects from the traditional single-stage process of karstification by total removal. The first stage is characterised by chemical dissolution and removal of the soluble species. It requires low hydrodynamic energy and creates a ghost-rock feature filled with residual alterite. The second stage is characterised by mechanical erosion of the undissolved particles. It requires high hydrodynamic energy and it is only then that open galleries are created. The transition from the first stage to the second is driven by the amount of energy within the thermody-namic system. The process is illustrated by detailed field observations and the results of the laboratory analyses of samples taken from the karstotype area around Soignies in southern Belgium. Thereafter, a series of case studies provide a synthesis of field observations and laboratory analyses from across western Europe. These studies come from geologically distinct parts of Belgium, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The process of ghost-rock karstification challenges a number of axioms associated with the process of karstification by total removal. On the basis of the evidence presented it is argued that it is no longer acceptable to use karst morphologies as a basis with which to infer specific karstogenetic processes and it is no longer necessary for a karst system to relate to base level as ghost-rock karstification proceeds along transmissive pathways in the rock. There is also some evidence to suggest that ghost-rock karstification may be superseded by karstification by total removal, and vice versa, according to the amount of energy within the thermodynamic system. The proposed chemical weathering and subsequent mechanical erosion of limestone suggest that the development of karst terrain is related far more closely to the geomorphological development of aluminosilicate and siliceous terrains than is generally supposed. It is now necessary to reconsider the origin of many karst systems in light of the outlined process of ghost-rock karstification.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-490594" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">033821275</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000102168454</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201320566C</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/004rej139</idno>
          <orgName>Centre national de recherches météorologiques</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRM</orgName>
          <date type="start">2013-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>42 avenue Gaspard Coriolis31057 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.umr-cnrm.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR3589" active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR3589" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1079823" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-105662" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>CERAK</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>9 rue de Houdain, B-7000 Mons</addrLine>
              <country key="BE"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-160918" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-666" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ADES</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>UMR ADES Maison des Suds 12, Esplanade des Antilles 33607 PESSAC CEDEX</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ades.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-91134" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-412629" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR5185" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-155165" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Association de la Recherche Paléoécologique en Archéologie</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Géode, 2 rue Raphaël Dubois 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-847" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">184390478</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200012210B</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05k1a6w82</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q51783493</idno>
          <orgName>Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">M2C</orgName>
          <date type="start">1996-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>24 rue des Tilleuls 14000 Caen</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.unicaen.fr/m2c</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-7127" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-455934" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300318" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR6143" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-443875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017tgbk05</idno>
          <orgName>Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Comue de Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>41 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1079823" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0233st365</idno>
          <orgName>Météo-France</orgName>
          <date type="start">1993-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>73 avenue de Paris94165 Saint-Mande Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.meteofrance.com/accueil</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-160918" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">190187433</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02qnnz951</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Mons = University of Mons</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UMONS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2009-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>20, place du Parc, B7000 Mons</addrLine>
              <country key="BE"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://portail.umons.ac.be/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-91134" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>146 rue Léo Saignat - 33076 Bordeaux cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-bordeauxsegalen.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-412629" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">027548392</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03pbgwk21</idno>
          <orgName>Université Bordeaux Montaigne</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UBM</orgName>
          <date type="start">1971-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-7127" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403064</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121864076</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/051kpcy16</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Caen Normandie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UNICAEN</orgName>
          <date type="start">1432-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Esplanade de la Paix - CS 14032 - 14032 CAEN Cedex 5</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.unicaen.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-455934" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-455934" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">190906332</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000417859671 </idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01k40cz91</idno>
          <orgName>Normandie Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">NU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2015-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Esplanade de la Paix - CS 14032 - 14032 Caen Cedex 5</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.normandie-univ.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300318" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403919</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121083034</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03nhjew95</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Rouen Normandie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UNIROUEN</orgName>
          <date type="start">1966-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1, rue Thomas Becket 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-rouen.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-455934" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>